1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392 | -- 数据的准备
-- 创建一个数据库
create database python_test charset=utf8;
-- 使用一个数据库
use python_test;
-- 显示使用的当前数据是哪个?
select database();
-- 创建一个数据表
-- students表
create table students(
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment not null,
name varchar(20) default '',
age tinyint unsigned default 0,
height decimal(5,2),
gender enum('男','女','中性','保密') default '保密',
cls_id int unsigned default 0,
is_delete bit default 0
);
--一个bit只能存1和0 ,bit(2)范围就是0,1,2,3
-- classes表
create table classes (
id int unsigned auto_increment primary key not null,
name varchar(30) not null
);
-- 查询
-- 查询所有字段
-- select * from 表名;
select * from students;
select * from classes;
select id, name from classes;
-- 查询指定字段
-- select 列1,列2,... from 表名;
select name, age from students;
-- 使用 as 给字段起别名
-- select 字段 as 名字.... from 表名;
select name as 姓名, age as 年龄 from students;
-- select 表名.字段 .... from 表名;
select students.name, students.age from students;
-- 可以通过 as 给表起别名
-- select 别名.字段 .... from 表名 as 别名;
select students.name, students.age from students;
select s.name, s.age from students as s;
-- 失败的select students.name, students.age from students as s;
-- 消除重复行(去重)
-- distinct 字段
select distinct gender from students;
-- 条件查询
-- 比较运算符
-- select .... from 表名 where .....
-- >
-- 查询大于18岁的信息
select * from students where age>18;
select id,name,gender from students where age>18;
-- <
-- 查询小于18岁的信息
select * from students where age<18;
-- >=
-- <=
-- 查询小于或者等于18岁的信息
-- =
-- 查询年龄为18岁的所有学生的名字
select * from students where age=18;
-- != 或者 <>(python3中不能用这个不等于,很多语言都不用)
-- 逻辑运算符
-- and
-- 18到28之间的所以学生信息
select * from students where age>18 and age<28; --and的语句要写全,不能只写一半
-- 失败select * from students where age>18 and <28;
-- 18岁以上的女性
select * from students where age>18 and gender="女";
select * from students where age>18 and gender=2;
-- or
-- 18以上或者身高查过180(包含)以上
select * from students where age>18 or height>=180;
-- not
-- 不在 18岁以上的女性 这个范围内的信息
-- select * from students where not age>18 and gender=2;
select * from students where not (age>18 and gender=2);
-- 年龄不是小于或者等于18 并且是女性
select * from students where (not age<=18) and gender=2;
-- 模糊查询(效率比较低)
-- like
-- % 替换1个或者多个
-- _ 替换1个
-- 查询姓名中 以 "小" 开始的名字
select name from students where name="小";
select name from students where name like "小%";
-- 查询姓名中 有 "小" 所有的名字
select name from students where name like "%小%";
-- 查询有2个字的名字
select name from students where name like "__"; --这里是两个下划线
-- 查询有3个字的名字
select name from students where name like "___"; --这里是三个下划线
-- 查询至少有2个字的名字
select name from students where name like "__%";
-- rlike 正则
-- 查询以 周开始的姓名 ^开头,$结尾 .*后面或者前面,中间有很多不确定的字符
select name from students where name rlike "^周.*";
-- 查询以 周开始、伦结尾的姓名
select name from students where name rlike "^周.*伦$";
-- 范围查询
-- in (1, 3, 8)表示在一个非连续的范围内
-- 查询 年龄为18、34的姓名
select name,age from students where age=18 or age=34;
select name,age from students where age=18 or age=34 or age=12;
select name,age from students where age in (12, 18, 34); --不连续的范围
-- not in 不非连续的范围之内
-- 年龄不是 18、34岁之间的信息
select name,age from students where age not in (12, 18, 34);
-- between ... and ...表示在一个连续的范围内
-- 查询 年龄在18到34之间的的信息
select name, age from students where age between 18 and 34;
-- not between ... and ...表示不在一个连续的范围内
-- 查询 年龄不在在18到34之间的的信息
select * from students where age not between 18 and 34; --not between是一种用法
select * from students where not age between 18 and 34; --这两句是等价的
-- 失败的select * from students where age not (between 18 and 34); 这是不可以的语句
-- 空判断
-- 判空is null
-- 查询身高为空的信息 null和""是不一样的
select * from students where height is null;
select * from students where height is NULL;
select * from students where height is Null;
-- 判非空is not null
select * from students where height is not null;
-- 排序
-- order by 字段
-- asc从小到大排列,即升序
-- desc从大到小排序,即降序
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的男性,按照年龄从小到到排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1; --默认就是升序(按照id)
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age;
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age asc;
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性,身高从高到矮排序(desc是降序)
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc;
-- order by 多个字段
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性,身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc,id desc;
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性,身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序,
-- 如果年龄也相同那么按照id从大到小排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc,age asc,id desc;
-- 按照年龄从小到大、身高从高到矮的排序(先写谁,谁优先,有相同项再按第二个排列)
select * from students order by age asc, height desc;
-- 聚合函数
-- 总数
-- count
-- 查询男性有多少人,女性有多少人
select * from students where gender=1;
select count(*) from students where gender=1;
select count(*) as 男性人数 from students where gender=1;
select count(*) as 女性人数 from students where gender=2;
-- 最大值
-- max
-- 查询最大的年龄
select age from students;
select max(age) from students;
-- 查询女性的最高 身高
select max(height) from students where gender=2;
-- 最小值
-- min
-- 求和
-- sum
-- 计算所有人的年龄总和
select sum(age) from students;
-- 平均值
-- avg
-- 计算平均年龄
select avg(age) from students;
-- 计算平均年龄 sum(age)/count(*)
select sum(age)/count(*) from students;
-- 四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数
-- 计算所有人的平均年龄,保留2位小数
select round(sum(age)/count(*), 2) from students;
select round(sum(age)/count(*), 3) from students;
-- 计算男性的平均身高 保留2位小数(聚合函数只能使用一个,除非用分组)
select round(avg(height), 2) from students where gender=1;
-- select name, round(avg(height), 2) from students where gender=1;
-- 分组(和聚合一起用)
-- group by
-- 按照性别分组,查询所有的性别(能放的是能够唯一标记)
select name from students group by gender; --name不是唯一标识
select * from students group by gender; --*更不能用
select gender from students group by gender;
-- 失败select * from students group by gender;
-- 计算每种性别中的人数(先分组,在使用的是聚合函数)
select gender,count(*) from students group by gender;
-- 计算男性的人数
select gender,count(*) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
-- group_concat(...)
-- 查询同种性别中的姓名
select gender,group_concat(name) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
select gender,group_concat(name, age, id) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
---concat 写上谁会链接谁
select gender,group_concat(name, "_", age, " ", id) from students where gender=1 group by gender; --加上"_ "把其中各项进行分开好看显示
--先写where在写group
-- having :利用谁分组,使用什么名字.聚合函数 从哪个表 依靠什么分组,利用having进行想要的分组输出想要的东西
--where是对原表的判断,having是对分组后的结果进行判断
-- 查询平均年龄超过30岁的性别,以及姓名 having avg(age) > 30
select gender, group_concat(name),avg(age) from students group by gender having avg(age)>30;
-- 查询每种性别中的人数多于2个的信息
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>2;
-- 分页
-- limit start, count
-- 限制查询出来的数据个数 这里是两个
select * from students where gender=1 limit 2;
-- 查询前5个数据第一个数是从谁开始.第二个数是要搜几个
select * from students limit 0, 5;
-- 查询id6-10(包含)的书序
select * from students limit 5, 5;
-- 每页显示2个,第1个页面
select * from students limit 0,2;
-- 每页显示2个,第2个页面
select * from students limit 2,2;
-- 每页显示2个,第3个页面
select * from students limit 4,2;
-- 每页显示2个,第4个页面
select * from students limit 6,2; -- -----> limit (第N页-1)*每个的个数, 每页的个数;
-- 每页显示2个,显示第6页的信息, 按照年龄从小到大排序
-- 失败select * from students limit 2*(6-1),2;
-- 失败select * from students limit 10,2 order by age asc;
select * from students order by age asc limit 10,2;
select * from students where gender=2 order by height desc limit 0,2;
-- 连接查询
-- inner join ... on
-- select ... from 表A inner join 表B;
select * from students inner join classes;
-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息
select * from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
-- 按照要求显示姓名、班级
select students.*, classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
select students.name, classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
-- 给数据表起名字
select s.name, c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息,显示学生的所有信息,只显示班级名称
select s.*, c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 在以上的查询中,将班级姓名显示在第1列
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 按照班级进行排序
-- select c.xxx s.xxx from student as s inner join clssses as c on .... order by ....;
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name;
-- 当时同一个班级的时候,按照学生的id进行从小到大排序
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name,s.id;
-- left join
-- 查询每位学生对应的班级信息
select * from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 查询没有对应班级信息的学生
-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... where .....
-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... having .....
select * from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id having c.id is null;
select * from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id where c.id is null;
-- right join on
-- 将数据表名字互换位置,用left join完成
-- 自关联
-- 省级联动 url:http://demo.lanrenzhijia.com/2014/city0605/
-- 查询所有省份
select * from areas where pid is null;
-- 查询出山东省有哪些市
select * from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle="山东省";
select province.atitle, city.atitle from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle="山东省";
-- 查询出青岛市有哪些县城
select province.atitle, city.atitle from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle="青岛市";
select * from areas where pid=(select aid from areas where atitle="青岛市")
-- 子查询
-- 标量子查询
-- 查询出高于平均身高的信息
-- 查询最高的男生信息
select * from students where height = 188;
select * from students where height = (select max(height) from students);
-- 列级子查询
-- 查询学生的班级号能够对应的学生信息
-- select * from students where cls_id in (select id from classes);
|